TA’ARUF
Quran-e-Paak Allah Ta’ala ka woh kalam hai jo Jibreel A.S hamare Nabi ﷺ ke paas 23 baras ke andar thoda thoda karke laaye. Allah ne iski hifazat ki zimmedari khud li hai. Magar jab Sahaba R.A ne Quran suna to har qabeela apne lehje me bolta tha. Quraish ka lehja alag, Tameem ka alag, Huzail ka alag. Aap ﷺ ne ummat ki aasani ke liye unko unhi ke andaaz me Quran padh kar sunaya. Iski wajah se Quran ke padhne ke tareeqon me thoda farq aa gaya. Isi farq ko aaj hum "Qiraat" kehte hain.
Qiraat ka matlab sirf "padhna" nahi. Iska matlab hai Nabi ﷺ se sabit shuda woh khaas tareeqe jinse Quran ke lafz ada kiye jate hain. Kabhi "zabar" "zer" ka farq, kabhi madd ko lamba karna, kabhi kisi harf ko doosre se badalna. Lekin maani me koi takraar nahi aati. Balki har Qiraat Quran ka hissa hai aur maani ko aur wazeh karti hai.
Mujhe yaad hai jab main chhota tha aur pehli baar ustan sahab ne Surah Fatiha me "Maliki" aur "Maaliki" ka farq bataya tha. Main dang reh gaya tha ki ek lafz do tarah se padha ja sakta hai aur dono sahi hain. "Maalik" yani malikiyat wala, "Malik" yani badshah. Dono sifatein Allah ki hain. Yahi Qiraat ki khoobi hai.
1. QIR'ATE SABA KI HAQEEQAT AUR USKA PASMANZAR
Qir'ate Saba ka matlab hai 7 Qiraaten. Ye wo 7 mashhoor tareeqe hain jo Nabi ﷺ se le kar aaj tak tawatur ke saath chale aa rahe hain. Tawatur ka matlab hai har daur me itne logon ne isko aage pohchaya ki sabka jhooth par muttafiq hona mumkin hi nahi.
Is baat ki daleel Bukhari Sharif me hai. Ek martaba Hazrat Umar R.A ne Hazrat Hisham R.A ko Surah Furqan alag andaaz me padhte suna. Unko ghussa aa gaya kyunki wo khud doosre tareeqe se padhte the. Dono Nabi ﷺ ke paas gaye. Aap ﷺ ne dono se sun kar farmaya: "Yunhi nazil hui hai. Quran 7 huroof par utra hai. Tumhe jo aasan lage wo padho". [Bukhari: 4992]
7 huroof se muraad 7 arabi lehje the. Us waqt Arab me 7 bade qabeele the. Sabki zubaan me thoda farq tha. Allah ne aasani ki aur un sab ke lehjon ka lihaaz rakhte hue Quran nazil farmaya. Taaki Huzail wala bhi aasani se padhe aur Tameem wala bhi.
ARAB KA SACHA WAQIYA: LEHJE KA IKHTILAAF
Rasoolullah ﷺ ke zamane ka waqiya hai. Hazrat Umar bin Khattab R.A masjid-e-nabwi me baithe the. Itne me Hazrat Hisham bin Hakeem R.A aaye aur Surah Furqan padhne lage. Umar R.A ne ghaur se suna to hairan reh gaye. Hisham R.A kuch lafz alag andaaz se padh rahe the.
Umar R.A se raha na gaya. Namaz ke baad Hisham R.A ki chadar pakad li aur ghusse se bole: "Tumhe kisne aise padhaya? Maine Nabi ﷺ ko aise nahi padhte suna". Dono Nabi ﷺ ke paas pahunche.
Aap ﷺ ne pehle Hisham R.A se suna, phir Umar R.A se. Dono ko sun kar farmaya: "Dono sahi hai. Quran 7 huroof par nazil hua hai. Jis lehje me aasani ho padh lo".
Umar R.A farmate hain: "Us din mujhe pata chala ki Allah ne ummat par kitni aasani ki hai". Ye waqiya Bukhari 4992 me maujood h
3rd sadi hijri tak masla ye hua ki Qiraaten bohot zyada ho gayi. Kuch log zaeef riwayaten bhi padhne lage. Is fitne ko rokne ke liye Baghdad ke Imam Abu Bakr Ibn Mujahid R.A ne 300 Hijri me kamal kaam kiya. Unhone poori duniya ke ulama ko jama kiya aur 7 aise Qari chune jo sabse zyada siqa aur mashhoor the. Inhi 7 ki Qiraat ko "Saba" ka naam mila. Baad me Imam Jazari R.A ne 3 aur milakar 10 kar di. Lekin buniyad yahi 7 hain.
2. 7 IMAM AUR UNKE TAFSEELI HALAAT
In 7 buzurgon ne apni poori zindagi Quran ke liye waqf kar di thi. Har ek se 2 khaas shagirdon ne riwayat li. Is tarah 14 mashhoor riwayaten wujood me aayi.
*Table: 7 Qari Hazraat ki Malumaat*
No Imam Ka Naam Shohrat San-e-Wafaat Ilaqa Khaas Shagird Aaj Kahan Rayij Hai
1. Imam Nafi R.A Madina ke Imam 169 Hijri Madina Munawwara Qaloon, Warsh Morocco, Algeria, Libya
2. Ibn Kaseer R.A Makkah ke Qari 120 Hijri Makkah Mukarrama Bazzi, Qunbul Ab kam padhi jati hai
3. Abu Amr Basri R.A Basra ke Imam 154 Hijri Basra, Iraq Doori, Soosi Sudan, Yemen ke kuch ilaqe
4. Ibn Aamir R.A Shaam ke Qari 118 Hijri Damascus Hisham, Ibn Zakwan Pehle Shaam me thi
5. Imam Aasim R.A Kufa ke Imam 127 Hijri Kufa, Iraq Hafs, Shu'ba Pak, India, Turkey, Arab me 95%
6. Imam Hamza R.A Kufa ke Qari 156 Hijri Kufa, Iraq Khalaf, Khallad Ilmi halqon tak mehdood
7. Imam Kisai R.A Nahw ke Imam 189 Hijri Kufa, Iraq Abul Haris, Doori Kufa me thi
Hawala: An-Nashr fil Qiraat il Ashr, Ibn Al-Jazari, Jild 1, Pg 36-40
Ghaur karo ki 7 me se 3 Imam Kufa se hain. Kyunki Kufa us daur me ilm ka gahwara tha. Hazrat Ali R.A aur Ibn Masood R.A ne wahan dars diye the.
3. SIRF EK QIRAAT PAR AMAL KYUN? 3 BADI WAJAHAT
Aaj 95% duniya Hafs An Aasim padhti hai. 5% Africa me Warsh padhte hain. Kisi na kisi shakhs ke zahen me ye khyal aa sakta hai ki jab sab sahi hain to 1 ko hi kyun chuna?
First: Ummat ka Ittehad
Agar har masjid me Imam alag Qiraat padhe to aam namazi confuse ho jayega. Hazrat Uthman R.A ne isi liye poori saltanat me ek Mushaf bheja tha. Wo Aasim ki Qiraat ke mutabiq tha. Sabka us par ijma ho gaya.
Second: Sabse Mazboot Sanad
Hafs ki sanad sabse chhoti hai. Hafs > Aasim > Abu Abdur Rahman Sulami > Ali R.A > Nabi ﷺ. Sirf 4 wasete. Isliye sabse zyada mehfooz mani jati hai.
Third: Aasan aur Aam Faham
Hafs ke usool sabse simple hain. Madd chhote hain, idgham kam hai. Bachcha bhi 6 mahine me seekh jata hai. Isliye madarson ne isi ko ikhtiyar kiya.
Ek Qiraat se doosri me jump karna sakht mana hai. Misal ke taur par Surah Baqarah 125 me Hafs padhte hain "Wat-takhizu" yani "Bana lo" hukum hai. Warsh me "Wat-takhazu" hai yani "Bana liya" khabar hai. Dono ko mila doge to maani gadbad ho jayega. Isliye ulama kehte hain: "Jis riwayat ko shuru karo usi par khatam karo".
Aaj kal social media ka daur hai. Kuch log likes ke liye 4 Qiraat mix karke tilawat karte hain. Ye intehai ghalat harkat hai. Ilm ke bagair is kaam me nahi padna chahiye. Hamesha sanad yafta Qari se seekhna chahiye.
4. IMAM AASIM KUFI R.A KE HALAAT-E-ZINDAGI
Naam: Aasim bin Bahdalah Abu An-Najood Al-Asadi Al-Kufi.
Paidaish: 40 Hijri, Kufa. Daur tha Hazrat Ali R.A ka.
Asatiza: Sabse bade ustaad Abu Abdur Rahman Sulami R.A the. Unhone Uthman, Ali, Ibn Masood, Ubayy bin Ka'b R.A sab se padha tha. Imam Aasim ne 40 saal unki shagirdi ki.
Akhlaaq: Imam Zahabi likhte hain ki Aasim R.A nihayat zaahid, aabid aur sacche the. Tahajjud me itna rote ki deewaren bhi bheeg jati. Bazaar se guzarte to log dukanein band karke rone lagte. Farmate the: "Mere baad Kufa me koi mujh sa Qari na hoga".
Talaba: Laakhon shagird the. Magar 2 naamwar hue. Hafs bin Sulaiman aur Shu'ba bin Ayyash.
Wafaat: 127 Hijri, Kufa. Poora sheher janaze me tha.
5. IMAM HAFS R.A AUR BARR-E-SAGHEER MEIN UNKI MAQBOOLIYAT
Naam: Hafs bin Sulaiman Al-Asadi. Kunya Abu Umar.
Nisbat: Imam Aasim ke sautelay farzand aur sabse pyaare shagird. Bachpan se unki godi me Quran padha.
Muqam: Hadees me Hafs ko zaeef kaha gaya. Yani hadees yaad karne me bhool ho jati thi. Lekin Qiraat me Imam Zahabi kehte hain: "Hafs Qiraat me pahad the". Isse sabit hua ki Qiraat aur Hadees alag fun hain.
Riwayat ki khasiyat: Madd 4 harqat, idgham kam, lafz bilkul saaf. Uthmani rasam ul khat ke 100% mutabiq.
Hindustan me kyun phaili: 4 sabab hain.
1. Mughal Hukoomat: Babar se le kar Akbar tak sab ne sarkari madarson me Hafs nafiz ki.
2. Dars-e-Nizami: 1700s me Mulla Nizamuddin ne jo nisaab banaya usme Hafs rakhi. Deoband, Nadwa, sab usi ko padhate hain.
3. Turkey se Quran: Uthmani daur me Turkey se chhap kar Hafs ke nuskhe aate the. Poore Asia me phail gaye.
4. Aasan hona: Hindustan me naye musalman zyada hue. Unke liye Hafs sabse aasan thi.
Aaj India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Turkey me 99% log Hafs padhte hain. Africa me Warsh hai.
Main jab chhota tha to hamare gaon ke madarse me Bismillah bhi Hafs se shuru karwate the. Ye 1000 saal ki riwayat hai. Buzurgon ne isi ko seene se lagaya.
6. QIR'ATE SABA KE FAYDE AUR HAMARI ZIMMEDARI
Qiraaten sirf lehje ka farq nahi hain. Inse Quran ki azmat aur bhi zahir hoti hai.
Pehla fayda: Maani me wus'at
Ek hi ayat 7 tareeqon se padhne se maani zyada gehraye ho jate hain. Misal ke taur par Surah Room ayat 54 me Hafs padhte hain "Min da'fin" yani "Kamzori se". Shu'ba padhte hain "Min du'fin" yani "Kamzori se". Dono ka matlab ek hi hai lekin arabi zubaan ki wus'at pata chalti hai. Isi tarah Surah Hujurat ayat 6 me "Fa-tabayyanu" aur "Fa-tasabbatu" dono riwayaten hain. Ek ka matlab "Tehqiqat karo", doosre ka "Tasalli kar lo". Hukm ek hi hai, lafz do. Isse fiqh me bhi aasani hoti hai.
Doosra fayda: Quran ka mojza hona
Itni badi kitab, 23 saal me nazil hui, 7 lehjon me mehfooz hai, lekin kisi ayat ka maani doosri Qiraat se takrata nahi. Ye sirf Allah ka kalam hone ki daleel hai. Agar insaan ki likhi hoti to 7 riwayaton me ikhtilaaf aa jata.
Teesra fayda: Ummat ke liye aasani
Ek ajami shakhs jiske liye "Qaf" bolna mushkil hai, wo Kisai ki Qiraat me imala ke saath aasani se padh sakta hai. Ek arabi baddu jisko madd lamba karna mushkil lagta hai, wo Qaloon ki Qiraat me chhota madd padh sakta hai. Sab ke liye sahulat hai.
Hamari zimmedari kya hai?
1. Ilm haasil karo: Baghair sanad ke YouTube se Qiraat na seekho. Kisi Qari se 6 mahine me Hafs ki tajweed mukammal karo.
2. Amanat ki hifazat: Hindustan me Hafs amanat hai. Isko chhod kar nayi cheez ke peeche na bhago. Warna aam log confuse honge.
3. Adab karo: 7 Qiraat padhne wale ko ghalat na kaho. Warsh padhne wala African bhi sahi hai, Hafs padhne wala Hindi bhi sahi hai. Sab Nabi ﷺ se sabit hain.
4. Amal karo: Sirf padhne se kuch nahi hoga. Quran ke hukm par chalna zaruri hai. "Wat-takhizu" padh kar Kaaba ko qibla banana hai, sirf zabaan se nahi.
Maine khud dekha hai ki hamare gaon ki boodhi amma jo anpadh hain, wo bhi Hafs se itni mohabbat karti hain ki bacha ghalat padhe to fauran rok deti hain. Kehti hain: "Beta, ye Aasim wale tareeqe se padho, yahi hamare baap dada padhte aaye hain". Aur Ye mohabbat nasal dar nasal chali aa rahi hai
KHULASA
Qir'ate Saba Allah ka hum par karam hai. Ye batata hai ki Islam kisi ek zubaan ka paband nahi. 7 Qiraaten Quran ke 7 husn hain. Sab sahi hain, sab mutawatir hain.
Lekin aam aadmi ke liye 1 par jamna zaruri hai taaki fitna Barpa na hone paye Hafs ki riwayat hamari amanat hai. Isko mazbooti se pakde rahna chahiye
Ap sab se mu addabana guzarish h Baghair ustaad ke Qiraat ke chakkar me na paden YouTube se mix Qiraat sun kar gumrah na hon . Sanad len , tajweed se padhenn. aur amal karen .
Allah apne pyare mahboob ﷺ aur unke pyare sahaba-e ikram R. J ke sadqe se hum sab ko Quran ka sahih faham aur us par chalne ki taufeeq ata farmaye Aameen Bajah sayyadil mursaleen ﷺ.
KITABON KE HAWALE:
1. Sahih Bukhari, Kitab Fadail-ul-Quran, Hadees 4992
2. An-Nashr fil Qiraat il Ashr - Ibn Al-Jazari, Jild 1, Safa 36-40
3. Al-Itqan - Imam Suyuti, Jild 1, Safa 210-215
4. Siyar A'lam an-Nubala - Imam Zahabi, Jild 5, Safa 256-260
5. Mabahis fi Uloom il Quran - Dr. Subhi Saleh, Pg 109-115
6. Manaahil-ul-Irfan - Zarqaani, Jild 1, Pg 340-350
Writer : Hafiz Nawazish
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