1. What is database management system (DBMS)?
Ans. A Database Management System (DBMS) is a type of software designed to handle the storage, retrieval, and manipulation of data within a database. It acts as an intermediary between users and the database, enabling them to efficiently perform operations such as creating, reading, updating, and deleting data. Through a DBMS, users can easily interact with the database without needing to directly manage the data storage and retrieval processes.
2. What is database?
Ans. A database is a systematically organized set of data that is usually stored and accessed electronically on a computer system. It is designed to manage large amounts of information by structuring it in a way that makes it easy to retrieve, update, and manage.
3. What is relational data model?
Ans. The relational model means that the logical data structures—the data tables, views, and indexes—are separate from the physical storage structures.
4. What is hierarchical data model?
Ans. A hierarchical database is a data model where data is organized in a tree-like structure, consisting of records arranged in a parent-child relationship. In this structure, a parent node can have multiple child nodes, which are linked together in a hierarchical manner.
5. List all the layers of DBMS architecture?
Ans. The three-schema architecture divides the data in a database into an external layer, a conceptual layer, and an internal layer.
6. What is the role of database manager?
Ans. A database manager is responsible for designing, managing, and maintaining the systems that store and organize data within an organization. They ensure the safety of stored data by utilizing various security measures and protocols to protect it from unauthorized access or loss.
7. What is DBA?
Ans. DBA stands for Database Administrator. They manage and maintain database systems, handling tasks like installation, security, backup, and performance tuning.
8. What is instance?
Ans. An instance, in the context of technology and computing, refers to a single occurrence of an object or a class.
9. What is database language?
Ans. Database languages, also known as query languages or data query languages, are a classification of programming languages that developers use to define and access databases, which are collections of organized data that users can access electronically.
10. What is database administration?
Ans Database administration involves the management and maintenance of databases to ensure their efficient operation. A Database Administrator (DBA) is responsible for overseeing the performance, security, and integrity of databases. They ensure that data is accurately stored, retrieved, and protected, while also optimizing database performance and handling backup, recovery, and troubleshooting tasks.
Short answer.
1. Write the characteristics of database.?
Ans. Its key characteristics and purpose of database approach, including data independence, data integrity, data sharing, backup and recovery, scalability, and security.
2. Write the short note on DBMS concepts?
Ans. The DBMS provides a level of abstraction between the conceptual schema that defines the logical structure of the database and the physical schema that describes the files, indexes and other physical mechanisms the database uses A DBMS allows users to adapt systems more efficiently when there are changes in business requirements.
What is objective of DBMS?
Ans. The objective of a database management system is to facilitate the creation of data structures and relieve the programmer of the problems of setting up complicated files.
3. Discuss about the database manager.?
Ans. A database manager is responsible for developing and maintaining an organizations' systems that store and organize data for companiesThey ensure the protection of stored data by using various security measures and protocols.
4. What are the application of DBMS.?
Ans. DBMS finds applications in various domains including banking systems, airline reservations, online retail, healthcare systems, educational institutions, human resource management, telecommunications, and more. It's used wherever there's a need to store, manage, retrieve, and manipulate large volumes of structured data efficiently and securely.
5. Explain the schema with example.?
Ans. A schema in the context of a database refers to the logical structure that defines how data is organized and
represented. It includes the tables, fields, relationships, constraints, and other characteristics of the data stored in
the database.
For example, consider a simple database for a library:
Tables :
1. Books : Contains information about books in the library.
• Fields: BookID (Primary Key), Title, Author, Genre, Publication Year, etc.
2. Authors : Contains information about authors.
• Fields: AuthorID (Primary Key), AuthorName, BirthDate, Nationality, etc.
3. Members : Contains information about library members.
• Fields: MemberID (Primary Key), FirstName, LastName, Address, Email, etc.
4. Loans : Contains information about books borrowed by members.
• Fields: LoanID (Primary Key), BookID (Foreign Key), MemberID (Foreign Key), DateBorrowed, DueDate, ReturnDate, etc.
6. What is the objective of DBMS.?
Ans. Enabling data access easy for the user. Providing a source of mass storage of data. Allowing multiple users to access the database at the same time. Providing appropriate and quick response to user queries.
7. What is the purpose of database administration.?
Ans. A database administrator, or DBA, is responsible for maintaining, securing, and operating databases and also ensures that data is correctly stored and retrieved Additionally, DBAs collaborate with developers to design and implement new features while also resolving any issues that arise.
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